Oath of Office

ID: 2906 ~ Source: Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Texas: Provisional Session of 1870. Texas State Library, Austin, Texas. February 8, 1870. Legislative Reference Library of Texas. https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/Housejournals/12/02081870_1_2.pdf; Barr, Alwyn. “Black Legislators of Reconstruction Texas.” Civil War History 32, no. 4 (December 1986): 340-352. https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1986.0019.
This file appears in: Shep Mullens
Oath of Office

When Shep Mullens was sworn into the Twelfth Texas Legislature in 1870, thirteen other Black senators and representatives joined him. The senators were Matthew Gaines and George T. Ruby. The representatives included: Richard Allen, D.W. Burley, Giles Cotton, Goldsteen Dupree, Jeremiah J. Hamilton, Mitchell Kendal, David Medlock, John Mitchell, Henry Moore, Benjamin F. Williams, and Richard Williams.

This file appears in: Shep Mullens

By Allie Roberts
At the end of the Civil War, a new nation seemed to be on the horizon. Emancipation and the beginning of Reconstruction signaled a shift in national, state, and local institutions across the country. The Reconstruction Era, though certainly flawed,…